Análisis molecular del gen GALT en pacientes cubanos con galactosemia clásica

Ixchel López-Reyes, Antonio Alejandro Esperón-Álvarez, Lainet Merencio-Santos, Marileivis García-Heredia, Teresa Collazo-Mesa

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Resumen

Introducción: La galactosemia clásica es el trastorno genético del metabolismo de la galactosa más severo y de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial. Es causada por mutaciones en el gen GALT, en el cual se han identificado más de 300 variantes alélicas. En Cuba no se han realizado estudios moleculares para identificar las mutaciones presentes en los pacientes.
Objetivo: Identificar variantes alélicas del gen GALT en pacientes cubanos con galactosemia clásica.
Métodos: Se aisló el ADN genómico de 29 pacientes por el método de precipitación salina. Se realizó la detección de seis mutaciones mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-digestión enzimática-electroforesis. La secuenciación del gen GALT se efectuó en diez muestras.
Resultados: Por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-digestión enzimática-electroforesis se detectaron las mutaciones p.Q188R, p.L195P, p.S135L, p.N314D y p.L218L. Además, se identificaron seis mutaciones mediante la secuenciación, tres en la región exónica: p.F171S, p.T292T y p.H315H; y tres en la intrónica: c.378-27G>C, c.507+62G>A y c.508-24G>A.
Conclusiones: Las mutaciones halladas evidencian la heterogeneidad genética alélica de la galactosemia clásica en la población cubana. Este conocimiento puede contribuir a perfeccionar el diagnóstico molecular prenatal y posnatal, el estudio de portadores, y el asesoramiento genético de pacientes y familiares.

Palabras clave

enfermedad por deficiencia de galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa; frecuencia alélica; heterogeneidad genética; mutación.

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