Prevalence of Antibiotic Allergy and its Association with Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Preschool Children in Havana
Keywords:
antibiotic, antibiotic allergy, prevalence, children, CubaAbstract
Introduction: The epidemiology of antibiotic allergy in outpatient populations is relatively scarce.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of antibiotic allergy and its relationship with asthma and allergic diseases in preschool children in Havana.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1106 children aged five to six years residing in Havana, using data from the “Natural History of Wheezing in a Cohort of Cuban Infants” study database. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies questionnaire was administered. Data were collected on sociodemographic factors and family and personal history of allergies. The hypothesis test of association based on the χ² distribution was used for the tables. Crude prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained for each exposure variable. Statistical significance was considered when the p-value associated with the test was < 0.05.
Results: Seven percent had a medical diagnosis of allergy to an antibiotic in the last 12 months, with penicillin being the most frequent (89.6%) compared to co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and tetracycline. In 2.6% of cases, the allergy was due to a combination of two antibiotics. There was a slightly higher prevalence of antibiotic allergy in patients with personal history of eczema and asthma. No differences were found according to sex, frequent antibiotic use, adverse food reactions, insect allergy, or allergic rhinitis.
Conclusions: Antibiotic allergy in preschool children is reported for the first time in Havana. Antibiotic allergy was associated with a personal history of asthma and eczema.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Silvia Josefina Venero-Fernández, Viviam Bringues Menzie, María Teresa Méndez Ratger, Ahmed Fernández Casamayor, Julia Urbina Reinaldo, Mirta Álvarez Castelló, Raúl Lázaro Castro Almarales, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Andrew W Fogarty
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