Lowe syndrome, chronic kidney disease and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Lowe syndrome or oculocerebrorenal syndrome is a multisystemic disorder. It's a rare and uncommon disease.

Objective: Show a typical clinical case, with controlled renal failure without dialytic method and that late in the adolescence is diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Case presentation: 18-year-old male adolescent born of a risk-free pregnancy and cesarean delivery, with macrosomia. From birth, he had a perinatal diagnosis of congenital cataract and evolutionarily bilateral glaucoma with conservative treatment. From the first year of life he suffers from tubular acidosis and Fanconi syndrome with an evolution to chronic kidney disease. All of these were related to delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, stereotypies, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression. Lately, at 10 years old, epileptic seizures of various types with predominance of tonic ones during sleep and wakefulness began; they were frequent, with characteristic electroencephalogram of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. He had interdisciplinary care and stable clinical evolution into adulthood. The molecular study of the mother and child DNA confirmed the c2224_2226 mutation of GTA (exon 19), valine deletion at position 742 of the X chromosome of OCRL 1, which ratifies Lowe syndrome.

Conclusion: Lowe Syndrome is a multisystemic disorder, linked to the X chromosome and common in males. Clinically, it is characterized by ophthalmological, renal and neurological alterations.