Genomics of neurodevelopmental disorders

Authors

  • Luis Alberto Mendez-Rosado Centro Nacional de Genética Medica
  • Aracelis Lantigua Cruz Lantigua Cruz
  • Maria Zelenova Zelenova
  • Svetlana Vorsanova
  • Ivan Iourov

Abstract

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are featured by a delay in the acquisition of motor functions, cognitive abilities and speech, or combined deficits in these areas with the onset before the age of 5 years. Genetic causes account for approximately a half of all NDD cases.

Objective: to describe alterations of the genome implied in neurodevelopmental disorders and some aspects of their genetic counseling.

Methods: Bibliographic search in Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, LILACS and Cochrane, emphasizing in the last five years, the relationship between the various genetic factors that may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Results: Multiple genetic factors are involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, from gross ones such as chromosomal aneuploidies to more subtle ones such as variations in the number of copies in the genome. Special emphasis is placed on microdeletion-micro duplication syndromes as a relatively frequent cause of NDDs and their probable mechanisms of formation are explained.

Final Considerations: Genetic aberrations are found in at least 30-50% of children with NDD. Conventional karyotyping allows the detection of chromosomal aberrations encompassing more than 5-7 Mb, which represent 5-10% of causative genome rearrangements in NDD. Molecular karyotyping (e.g. SNP array/array CGH) can significantly improve the yield in patients with NDD and congenital malformations.

Keywords: CNV; chromosomal abnormalities; genome; genomic aberrations; microdeletions; microduplications; neurodevelopmental disorders.


 

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Author Biography

Luis Alberto Mendez-Rosado, Centro Nacional de Genética Medica

Especialista en citogenetica del Centro Nacional de Genetica Medica.

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Published

2020-10-12

How to Cite

1.
Mendez-Rosado LA, Lantigua Cruz ALC, Zelenova MZ, Vorsanova S, Iourov I. Genomics of neurodevelopmental disorders. Rev Cubana Pediatría [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 12 [cited 2025 Jun. 22];92(4). Available from: https://revpediatria.sld.cu/index.php/ped/article/view/918

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