Perinatal risk factors and evolution of neurodevelopment during the first year of life

Authors

Keywords:

neurodevelopmental disorders, follow-up studies, diseases of the newborn.

Abstract

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental assessment facilitates timely intervention by detecting sensorineural, cognitive, motor and language alterations.

Objective: Determine the perinatal risk factors and the evolution of neurodevelopment in children up to the first year of age.

Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal observational study in 1-year-old children with perinatal risk factors, attended in the neurodevelopment consultation of "Dr. Ángel Arturo Aballí" Maternal and Children´s Hospital, which is a neurodevelopmental follow-up consultation. The sample was made up of a total of 438 patients, distributed in two groups consisting of : 266 with neurodevelopmental alterations and 172 with no alterations detected, in which the perinatal conditions that occurred, the results of complementary studies and neurological clinical evaluation at 6 months and one year of age were compared. Absolute and relative frequency, Ji-square and Odds ratio, confidence interval and p< 0.05 value were used.

Results: Among the perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental alterations were: male sex 68.4 vs 43.6 % (OR: 2.8; CI: 1.88- 4.17), metabolic disorders 13.5 vs 7.6 % (OR: 2.5 ; CI: 1.32- 4.94) and perinatal asphyxia 11.2 vs 1.2 % (OR: 10.8 ; CI: 2.54- 45.82).

Conclusions: Perinatal risk factors related to neurodevelopmental alterations were male sex, low birth weight, prematurity, Apgar score at 5th minute, sepsis, metabolic disorders, perinatal asphyxia and seizures. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders at three months of birth had an improvement at one year of life.

 

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Author Biographies

Lidilia Abreu Díaz, Hospital MaternoInfantil Dr Angel Arturo Aballi

Especialista de 2do grado en Pediatría

Profesora Titular y Consultante de Pediatría

Master en Atención Integral al niño

Andres Armando Morilla Guzmán, Hospital Materno Infantil ''Ángel Arturo Aballí''

Profesor Auxiliar

Especialista de II grado de Neonatologia

Investigador Auxiliar

Jefe del Grupo Nacional de Neonatologia

Yulian Parada Marín, Hospital Materno Infantil ''Ángel Arturo Aballí''

Especialista de 1er grado en Pediatría

Hospital Materno Infantil Dr Ángel Arturo Aballí

Vilma Inés Tamayo Pérez, Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología

Especialista de 1er grado en Pediatría

Profesora Instructor

Master en Atención Integral al niño

Investigadora Agregada

Esther Cabreras Benites, Hospital Materno Infantil Dr Ángel Arturo Aballí

Profesora Titular y Consultante de Pediatría
Master en Atención Integral al niño

Dora Argelia Rodríguez Cortina, Hospital Materno Infantil Dr Ángel Arturo Aballí

Especialista de 1er grado en Neonatología

Published

2021-10-01

How to Cite

1.
Abreu Díaz L, Morilla Guzmán AA, Parada Marín Y, Tamayo Pérez VI, Cabreras Benites E, Rodríguez Cortina DA. Perinatal risk factors and evolution of neurodevelopment during the first year of life. Rev Cubana Pediatría [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 1 [cited 2025 Aug. 22];93(4). Available from: https://revpediatria.sld.cu/index.php/ped/article/view/1531

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