Microbiota intestinal y obesidad en la infancia
Resumen
Objetivos: Analizar la participación de la microbiota intestinal en la obesidad y los mecanismos que intervienen en dicho proceso en ratones, los propuestos en humanos y el papel de modulación de la microbiota intestinal como tratamiento.
Métodos: Se revisaron publicaciones en español e inglés en PubMed, Google Scholar, ScIELO, desde enero 2005 a febrero 2019, se usaron los términos: microbiota intestinal, obesidad y modulación microbiota intestinal.
Resultados: se actualizaron los criterios relacionados con la microbiota intestinal y la obesidad, su incremento y repercusión en pediatría. Se revisaron los principales estudios experimentales en ratones y humanos realizados desde el decenio 2001-2010 y eventos en el microbioma como factor patogénico. Se describieron los mecanismos definidos en la microbiota intestinal participantes en la obesidad y se revisaron los argumentos de modulación del intestino para regular las alteraciones producidas en la obesidad.
Consideraciones finales: Se demuestra la participación de la microbiota intestinal como factor predisponente en la fisiopatología de la obesidad y su modulación terapéutica con distintos métodos de bioterapia para restablecer la heterogeneidad del microbioma, entre ellos, son promisorios, el uso de prebióticos, probióticos, simbióticos y el trasplante de microbiota fecal.
Palabras clave: microbiota intestinal, obesidad, modulación microbiota intestinal.
Referencias
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